How Many Acres for Horses, Cows & Goats in Texas | La Tierra
Aerial view of Sandy Hill Farms pasture near Brenham, Texas, showing how many acres horses, cows, and goats need on small acreage

How Many Acres Do You Need for Horses, Cows, and Goats in Texas?

About 2 acres per horse with hay, 3 to 6 acres per cow on improved pasture, and 1 to 2 goats per acre, plus what counties require for an ag exemption.

In Central Texas you need about 2 acres per horse on improved pasture with hay, 3 to 6 acres per cow-calf pair on improved pasture or 8 to 15 acres on native range, and roughly 1 acre for every 1 to 2 goats on improved pasture, based on Texas A&M AgriLife Extension animal unit guidance. Ag exemption minimums are set by each county, often 10 to 15 acres.

La Tierra Realty is an Austin-based land company that sells surveyed, unrestricted tracts in Central and North Texas with owner financing through Stonebridge Purchasing (NMLS #2349261), and livestock is allowed on nearly every tract. The sections below explain stocking rates, how many acres horses, cows, and goats need, what counties require for agricultural appraisal, and what fencing and water cost.

What Is a Stocking Rate and an Animal Unit?

A stocking rate is the amount of land assigned to each grazing animal for the year, and an animal unit is the standard measure behind it. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension defines an animal unit as “a mature, 1,000-pound cow and her calf, representing an average daily dry matter forage intake of 26 pounds.” Every other animal is expressed as a fraction or multiple of that cow.

AgriLife Extension publication RWFM-PU-060, by Robert Lyons and Richard Machen, puts the definition this way: “Stocking rate is the amount of land allotted to each animal for the entire grazeable portion of the year.” Overstock a pasture and the grass thins, weeds move in, and you buy hay all year.

Texas A&M AgriLife's animal unit equivalent chart gives these conversions:

AnimalAnimal units (AU)Head per 1 AU
Beef cow, 1,000 lb, with calf1.001
Bull, 1,500 lb1.500.67
Horse1.270.8
Ewe (sheep)0.185 to 6
Spanish goat nanny0.166
Boer x Spanish goat nanny0.195
White-tailed deer0.138

How Many Acres Do You Need for a Horse in Texas?

A horse in Texas needs about 2 acres of improved pasture per 1,000 pounds of horse when you feed hay, and 4 to 8 acres of improved pasture in the Post Oak Savannah if the horse must graze year-round without hay. Most small-acreage owners in Central Texas keep one horse per 2 to 3 acres and buy hay for summer and winter.

The hay-fed figure is the common extension recommendation. The Texas Horseman, reprinting University of Minnesota Extension guidance in September 2022, states: “In general, we recommend a stocking rate of 2 acres per one 1,000-pound horse.” The grazing-only figure comes from the math: a horse is 1.27 AU, and AgriLife Extension guidance for Post Oak Savannah improved pasture runs 3 to 6 acres per AU, so 4 to 8 acres per horse.

Practical notes for a 2 to 5 acre horse property:

  • Dry lot. Fence a sacrifice paddock of a quarter acre so the main pasture rests during drought and after rain.
  • Water. The Texas A&M Ranchers' Reference Guide puts peak horse water needs at 8 to 12 gallons per day; a trough on a float valve is standard.
  • Hay. Budget 1.5 to 2 percent of body weight per day in hay when grass is short, per the same Texas A&M guide's 2 percent forage intake figure for horses.
  • Ag exemption. Pleasure horses do not qualify. Caldwell County Appraisal District's 2024 guidelines require a breeding operation with at least 4 mares producing 2 foals a year.

How Many Cows Per Acre in Texas?

Cows per acre in Texas ranges from one cow-calf pair per 1 to 3 acres on improved East Texas pasture to one pair per 35 to 150 acres of native West Texas range. In Central Texas' Post Oak Savannah, plan on 3 to 6 acres per pair on improved pasture and 8 to 15 acres on native pasture, per Texas A&M AgriLife Extension stocking guidance.

Texas regionImproved pasture (acres per AU)Native pasture (acres per AU)
East Texas1 to 33 to 6
Post Oak Savannah (Caldwell, Bastrop, Washington, Gonzales counties)3 to 68 to 15
Edwards Plateau (Hill Country)2 to 610 to 60
South Texas Plains2.5 to 815 to 30
Panhandle2 to 620 to 50
West Texasn/a35 to 150

Source: Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Stocking Rates on Range and Pasture, as tabulated by the Texas Landowners Association (updated 2022). County appraisal districts publish their own local numbers: Caldwell County Appraisal District's 2024 ag guidelines use 3 to 7 acres per AU on improved pasture, 7 to 12 on open native pasture, and 16 to 25 on mixed brush.

On a 10-acre La Tierra tract with improved coastal bermuda, that means two or three cow-calf pairs. On 10 acres of native grass and post oak, it means one pair, and the second pair means buying hay.

How Many Goats Per Acre in Texas?

Goats per acre in Texas works out to 1 to 2 goats per acre on improved pasture in Central Texas, because Texas A&M AgriLife Extension counts 6 goats as one animal unit and Post Oak Savannah improved pasture carries one animal unit per 3 to 6 acres. On brushy land, goats do better than cattle because they browse woody plants.

AgriLife Extension publication RWFM-PU-060 lists goats at 6 head per animal unit with a forage intake of 4.0 to 4.5 percent of body weight, higher than cattle. Small-acreage owners commonly run more goats than the pasture alone supports and make up the difference with hay and feed, which works if the pen is managed to prevent parasites.

For agricultural appraisal, goats count. Bexar Appraisal District's February 2026 livestock intensity standards require 3 animal units on at least 10 acres for goats, which is about 18 goats. AgriLife Extension publication EB-6091, Livestock for Small Acreage Landowners (2022), names meat goats and hair sheep as two of three enterprises suited to small tracts: “While forage availability may limit the stocking rate, there are some livestock operations that can succeed on small acreages.”

Water is light: the Texas A&M Ranchers' Reference Guide puts sheep and goat needs at 1 to 4 gallons per head per day. Fencing is the real cost, because goats test every gap; net wire or woven wire, not barbed wire, is standard.

How Many Acres Do You Need for an Ag Exemption in Texas?

Texas has no statewide minimum acreage for agricultural appraisal; each county appraisal district sets its own, and in Central Texas the minimums for livestock typically run 10 to 15 acres. Hood Central Appraisal District states: “Because Texas is so large and diverse with regards to land usages, there is not statewide minimum acreage for ag.”

County (appraisal district)Minimum for livestockMinimum animal unitsNotes
Caldwell (Lockhart, Luling, Dale)12 acres improved pasture; 28 acres open native; 64 acres mixed brush (2024 guidelines)4 AUOrchard or vineyard: 5 acres planted
Bexar (San Antonio)15 acres cattle; 10 acres goats, sheep, or horses (February 2026)4 AU cattle; 3 AU othersHorses limited to breeding operations
Hood (Granbury)“Typical acreage minimums” for stand-alone tracts; smaller tracts qualify if run with adjacent landPer guidelines1 to 2 acre homesite carved out

Two more rules apply everywhere. Caldwell County's guidelines repeat the state standard: “The land must have been devoted principally to agricultural use for five of the preceding seven years.” And the appraisal district removes 1 to 2 acres around the house as non-agricultural, so a 12-acre tract in Caldwell County has about 10 to 11 acres in production.

The practical result: 2 to 5 acre tracts hold livestock for your family but rarely qualify for agricultural appraisal on their own; 10 to 13 acre tracts can qualify in most counties once the five-year history is built. La Tierra's guide to the ag exemption on Texas land walks through the application, and the free ag exemption guide below lists each county's contact.

What Fencing and Water Do Small Acreage Livestock Need?

A fenced 10-acre square tract has about 2,640 feet of perimeter, which costs roughly $8,000 to $16,000 in five-strand barbed wire at $3 to $6 per linear foot installed, per HomeGuide's January 2026 fence cost data. Water runs 7 to 16 gallons per day for cattle, 8 to 12 for horses, and 1 to 4 for sheep and goats.

  1. Perimeter fence first. Barbed wire for cattle and horses, net wire for goats. HomeGuide's January 2026 data averages $2,000 to $2,200 per acre for barbed wire on typical lots.
  2. Cross fence second. Two or three paddocks let you rotate grazing, which raises the carrying capacity of the same acres.
  3. Water in every paddock. North Dakota State University's February 2026 livestock water publication (AS1763) puts a lactating cow at 17.9 gallons per day at 80 degrees and a mature horse at 10.8 gallons. A well or community water tap feeds a float-valve trough; ponds work as a backup.

Tracts with water and electric at the road cut the setup budget most. La Tierra's guide to land with water and electric in Texas explains what “utilities available” means on each listing.

La Tierra Tracts for Horses, Cows, and Goats

La Tierra Realty's tracts are unrestricted on most ranches, so livestock is allowed from closing, and the acreage ranges line up with the stocking math above.

  • 2 to 5 acres: one or two horses with hay, a small goat herd, chickens. See the unrestricted land guide for what “no restrictions” covers.
  • 10 to 13 acres: two or three cow-calf pairs on improved pasture, or a breeding goat herd that meets a 3 AU county standard. Eagle Ranch in Luling (10 to 13 acres from $209,000) and the 10 to 13 acre lots at Nolan Ranch near Cleburne (from $183,000) are sized for this.
  • 12+ acres: room for a small cow-calf herd and a stronger case for agricultural appraisal. Tenney Creek Ranch in Dale has a 12.4-acre lot in Caldwell County, and Sandy Hill Farms near Brenham has larger tracts in Washington County's improved-pasture country.

All listings, with acreage, water, and electric notes, are on the available properties page, and every tract is sold with owner financing through Stonebridge Purchasing. Ask about current terms.

Find Acreage Sized for Your Animals

La Tierra Realty's unrestricted tracts allow horses, cattle, and goats from day one, and the 10 to 13 acre ranches are sized for a future ag exemption. Call (512) 980-1719 to match a tract to your herd. Atención en español.

Browse Acreage for Livestock Download the Free Ag Exemption Guide

Sources: Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Stocking Rate: The Key Grazing Management Decision, RWFM-PU-060 (Lyons and Machen); AgriLife Extension, Livestock for Small Acreage Landowners, EB-6091 (2022); AgriLife Animal Unit Equivalent Chart (2018); Texas A&M Ranchers' Reference Guide (2026); Texas Landowners Association, cows per acre table (2022); Caldwell County Appraisal District, ag qualifications (2024); Bexar Appraisal District, livestock intensity standards (February 2026); Hood Central Appraisal District FAQ (2026); The Texas Horseman (September 2022); HomeGuide, barbed wire fence cost (January 2026); NDSU Extension, AS1763 (February 2026).

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I keep a horse on 2 acres in Texas?

Yes, with hay. Two acres of improved pasture in Central Texas grows only part of a horse's forage, so you buy hay for the balance, especially July through September and in winter. Plan a small dry lot to rest the grass, a shelter, and about 8 to 12 gallons of water per day per horse, per the Texas A&M Ranchers' Reference Guide.

Do goats count toward an ag exemption in Texas?

Yes. County appraisal districts count goats as livestock and convert them to animal units, generally 6 goats per animal unit. Bexar Appraisal District's February 2026 standards require 3 animal units on at least 10 acres for a goat operation. Your county's numbers differ, so check its published guidelines before buying stock.

How many acres do I need to raise a cow for beef for my family?

One steer raised to slaughter weight on improved pasture in Central Texas needs roughly 3 to 6 acres for the grazing season, per Texas A&M AgriLife Extension stocking guidance for the Post Oak Savannah. Most families on 5 to 10 acres buy a weaned calf in spring, graze it through fall with supplemental feed, and process it at 18 to 24 months.

Is it legal to keep livestock on unrestricted land in Texas?

Yes. Outside city limits, Texas counties do not regulate the number of animals on private land, and unrestricted tracts carry no deed restriction on livestock. Texas is a fence-out state in most rural counties under the Agriculture Code, so your fence keeps your animals in and protects you from liability if they get onto a road.

Do miniature horses or pet goats qualify for the ag exemption?

Usually not. Caldwell County Appraisal District's 2024 guidelines state that miniature horses are considered pets and do not qualify, and most districts require a commercial purpose, such as breeding or selling offspring, plus the county's minimum animal units. A few pet goats on a homesite are fine to keep, but they will not earn agricultural valuation.

This article is general information for Texas land buyers and is not legal, tax, veterinary, or agronomic advice. Stocking rates depend on rainfall, soil, and pasture condition; agricultural appraisal rules are set by each county appraisal district and change. Confirm current guidelines with your county and with La Tierra before you buy. Owner financing is offered through Stonebridge Purchasing (NMLS #2349261); ask about current terms.

Keep reading

More Texas land guides

Text Us