Wildlife Exemption in Texas: How to Qualify
Aerial view of brushy Caldwell County acreage near Dale, the kind of Texas land owners manage under a wildlife exemption

Wildlife Exemption in Texas: How Landowners Qualify (and How It Compares to Ag)

A wildlife exemption gives Texas land the same low tax value as a cattle or hay operation, without the cattle. Here is who qualifies, the acreage counties require, and how it compares with ag.

A wildlife exemption in Texas is an agricultural appraisal based on wildlife management use under Tax Code §23.51(7). To qualify, the land must already carry an agricultural valuation, the owner must carry out at least three of seven listed practices under a written plan, and the tract must meet the county's minimum acreage, which runs 12.5 to 20 acres across most of Central Texas.

The sections below define the program, walk through the qualification steps, explain how counties set minimum acreage, compare wildlife management with a traditional ag exemption, describe the management plan, and answer whether a 10-acre tract can qualify. La Tierra Realty is an Austin-based land company that sells surveyed, unrestricted tracts in Central and North Texas with owner financing through Stonebridge Purchasing (NMLS #2349261), and some of its larger lots fall inside the acreage ranges below.

What Is a Wildlife Exemption in Texas?

A wildlife exemption is a property tax valuation, not a true exemption, that taxes land at its agricultural productivity value because the owner manages it for native wildlife instead of livestock or crops. Texas Tax Code §23.51(7) calls it “wildlife management” and treats it as a form of agricultural use under the 1-d-1 open-space appraisal.

The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department's legal summary of the program describes wildlife management as using the land “to propagate a sustaining breeding, migrating, or winter population of indigenous wild animals for human use,” including food, medicine, or recreation. The tax result is the same as a cattle or hay operation: the county appraisal district values the land by its productivity category rather than its market value.

The gap between those two numbers is the savings. Texas Land Tax's 2025 Caldwell County illustration uses a regional market value of $29,808 per acre against an agricultural value of $75 per acre, which at a 1.25 percent tax rate is the difference between about $373 and about $1 per acre each year. Actual values come from each county appraisal district's schedule.

How Do You Qualify for a Wildlife Exemption?

Land qualifies for a wildlife exemption in Texas when it already has a 1-d-1 agricultural appraisal, the owner performs at least three of the seven practices in Tax Code §23.51(7), the tract meets the county's wildlife use requirement, and the owner files a wildlife management plan with the county appraisal district before May 1.

  1. Hold an ag valuation first. The Texas Comptroller's Guidelines for Qualification of Agricultural Land in Wildlife Management Use (Publication 96-354) state that “the land must have been qualified and appraised as agricultural land during the year before the year the owner changes to the wildlife management use.” Raw pasture with no ag history must first earn ag valuation, which under Tax Code §23.51(1) means five of the preceding seven years in agricultural use.
  2. Pick three or more practices. The seven are habitat control, erosion control, predator control, supplemental water, supplemental food, shelters, and census counts. The Comptroller's guidelines state that “an owner must perform at least three of seven listed wildlife management activities on the land.”
  3. Write the plan on TPWD Form PWD 885. TPWD notes that “an appraisal district may accept, but may not require, a wildlife management plan that is not the TPWD form” if the substitute carries the same information.
  4. File with the appraisal district. Submit the 1-d-1 application and the plan before May 1 of the year you want the change, and keep records of every practice.
  5. Report annually if asked. Many districts require the TPWD annual report, Form PWD 888, and a plan update every five years.
PracticeCentral Texas examplesTypical cost
Habitat controlBrush management, native grass reseeding, prescribed burnsLabor or contractor time
Erosion controlGully repair, pond desilting, streamside buffersEquipment rental
Predator controlFeral hog trapping, cowbird traps, fire ant controlTrap purchase or rental
Supplemental waterWildlife troughs, guzzlers, pond overflow drinkersTrough, float valve, and pipe
Supplemental foodFood plots, feeders, native plantingsSeed and feed
SheltersNest boxes, brush piles, snag retentionLumber or a kit per box
Census countsSpotlight deer counts, songbird point counts, game camerasTime plus a camera

What Is the Minimum Acreage for a Wildlife Exemption in Texas?

The minimum acreage applies only when a tract was reduced in size since January 1 of the prior year, which covers nearly every newly subdivided tract. The county picks a wildlife use requirement ratio inside a range set by Comptroller rule 34 TAC §9.2005; a 92 percent ratio means 12.5 acres, 93 percent means 14.29 acres, and 95 percent means 20 acres.

TPWD's summary of the 2008 rule change explains who decides: the chief appraiser, with the board's consent, “selects the wildlife use requirement from the allowable range based on the appropriate appraisal region.” The table converts the rule's ranges into acres.

Ecoregion (34 TAC §9.2005)Allowed ratioMinimum tract sizeCounties where La Tierra sells
Blackland Prairie, Post Oak Savannah, Pineywoods, Upper Gulf Coast92% to 94%12.5 to 16.67 acresCaldwell, Milam, Washington
Cross Timbers and Prairies, Eastern Edwards Plateau93% to 95%14.29 to 20 acresHood, Johnson, Bosque
South Texas Plains, Rolling Plains, High Plains, Western Edwards Plateau, Lower Gulf Coast96% to 98%25 to 50 acresNone
Trans-Pecos97% to 99%33.3 to 100 acresNone

Hays Central Appraisal District's guidelines show the math in practice: “the land size must be at least 14.29 acres to qualify for Wildlife Use,” dropping to 12.5 acres per member inside a wildlife management property association and 11.11 acres when the target species is threatened or endangered. Caldwell and Bastrop counties sit in the 92 to 94 percent band, so their minimums fall between 12.5 and 16.67 acres; call the appraisal district for the exact figure.

How Does a Wildlife Exemption Compare to an Ag Exemption?

A wildlife exemption and an ag exemption produce the same tax bill, because both value the land at agricultural productivity. The differences are in what the owner must do: an ag exemption requires livestock, crops, or bees at the county's intensity standard, while a wildlife exemption requires three of seven habitat practices and a written plan.

FactorAg exemption (1-d-1 agricultural use)Wildlife exemption (1-d-1 wildlife management)
Legal basisTax Code §23.51(1), (2)Tax Code §23.51(7); 34 TAC §9.2005
Prior status needed5 of the preceding 7 years in ag useAg valuation in the prior year
Required activityGrazing, hay, crops, orchards, or bees at county intensity3 of 7 practices under a plan
Minimum acreageCounty-set; Caldwell County generally 10+ acres for grazing, 5 acres for bees (Texas Land Tax, 2025)County ratio; 12.5 to 20 acres in Central Texas
Fencing and livestockRequired for grazingNot required
PaperworkApplication, lease or receiptsApplication, TPWD plan, annual report
Rollback if use changes3 years plus 5% interest3 years plus 5% interest

The rollback rule changed in 2019. According to the Texas Real Estate Research Center's 2019 legislation review, House Bill 1743 “changes the rollback period to three years and changes the interest rate to 5 percent,” down from five years and 7 percent. Both valuations carry the same rollback risk. La Tierra's ag exemption guide covers the livestock and beekeeping route, and the free ag exemption guide download lists the county contacts.

What Does a Wildlife Management Plan Include?

A Texas wildlife management plan is a written document on TPWD Form PWD 885 that names the tract's ecoregion and acreage, the target species, the three or more practices the owner will perform each year, and measurable goals. The county appraisal district keeps the plan on file and can request an annual report on Form PWD 888.

The plan runs five years and can be renewed. TPWD publishes free ecoregion guides, including one for the Post Oak Savannah and Blackland Prairie, and its private lands biologists review plans at no charge. For a 15-acre tract near Lockhart, a typical plan pairs brush management with native grass restoration, two nest boxes per 5 acres, a wildlife water station, and quarterly songbird counts.

The homesite stays separate. According to Hood Central Appraisal District's 2026 agricultural appraisal page, 1 to 2 acres for the homesite are carved out as non-agricultural use and taxed at market value. Recordkeeping decides audits. Keep dated photos, receipts, and count sheets for every practice, because the chief appraiser can ask for proof at any time and removes the valuation if the practices stopped. Owners who lean toward hunting or hobby use should also read La Tierra's comparison of recreational vs. residential land.

Can a 10-Acre Tract Get a Wildlife Exemption?

Rarely on its own. Because most 10-acre tracts were subdivided from larger parcels, the county's wildlife use requirement applies, and the lowest allowed ratio in Central Texas, 92 percent, sets a floor of 12.5 acres. A 10-acre tract needs a wildlife management property association or an endangered species plan to qualify, and it must already hold ag valuation.

Three practical routes exist for small acreage:

  • Buy 12.5 acres or more. Check the lot size against the county's number before you buy. Eagle Ranch in Luling sells 10 to 13 acre tracts from $209,000, and its largest lot, just over 13 acres, sits inside Caldwell County's 12.5 to 16.67 acre band. Ask the appraisal district for the exact minimum, and ask La Tierra which lots are large enough.
  • Keep ag use with bees or grazing. Caldwell County accepts beekeeping on 5 to 20 acres with six hives on the first 5 acres, per its appraisal district guidance reported by Texas Land Tax in 2025. That route builds the ag history a later wildlife switch requires.
  • Form an association with neighbors. Adjoining owners in the same subdivision can file as a wildlife management property association and use the lower ratio.

Every La Tierra tract is surveyed and unrestricted, so a wildlife plan, a small herd, or a hive stand are all permitted uses. See current listings on the available properties page, and ask about owner financing through Stonebridge Purchasing for current terms.

Find Acreage That Clears the County Minimum

La Tierra Realty sells surveyed, unrestricted tracts in Caldwell, Hood, Johnson, Bosque, Milam and Washington counties, with owner financing through Stonebridge Purchasing. Tell us you want a wildlife or ag valuation and we will show you lots that fit the acreage rules. Call (512) 980-1719. Atención en español.

Browse Texas Land Download the Free Ag Exemption Guide

Sources: Texas Tax Code §§23.51, 23.55 (2026); Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Legal Summary of Wildlife Management Use Appraisal and New Rules Summary (2026); Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Guidelines for Qualification of Agricultural Land in Wildlife Management Use, Publication 96-354 (revised 2007); 34 Texas Administrative Code §9.2005 (2026); Hays Central Appraisal District, 1-d-1 Open Space Guidelines and Standards (2019); Hood Central Appraisal District, Agricultural and Wildlife Appraisal (2026); Texas Real Estate Research Center at Texas A&M University, 2019 Legislation Lowdown (2019); Texas Land Tax, Caldwell County Ag Exemption (2025).

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I have to allow hunting to get a wildlife exemption in Texas?

No. Hunting is one possible use of the wildlife, but Tax Code Section 23.51(7) only requires that the land be managed to sustain a breeding, migrating, or wintering population of native animals for human use, which includes recreation such as birdwatching and photography. Many wildlife-managed tracts in Central Texas never host a hunter and still qualify under a songbird or pollinator plan.

Can I keep my house on land with a wildlife exemption?

Yes. The appraisal district carves the homesite out of the special valuation and taxes it at market value, while the rest of the tract stays at wildlife-use productivity value. Hood Central Appraisal District, for example, states that 1 to 2 acres for the homesite are removed from agricultural use. The residence homestead exemption then applies to the house and homesite.

Does a wildlife exemption lower taxes more than an ag exemption?

No. Both use the same productivity value set by the county appraisal district for the land's agricultural category, so the tax bill is the same for the same acreage. Landowners switch to wildlife management to drop livestock, fencing, and lease income requirements, not to cut the bill further. The savings versus market value are identical under either method.

Can neighbors combine small tracts to reach the wildlife minimum?

Yes, through a wildlife management property association. Comptroller rule 34 TAC Section 9.2005 sets a lower wildlife use requirement for tracts in an association, and Hays Central Appraisal District, for example, accepts 12.5 acres per member instead of its standard 14.29 acres. Every member files a plan, and the association agreement must be in writing and on file with the district.

What happens if I stop doing the wildlife practices?

The chief appraiser removes the special valuation, and if the land changes to a non-agricultural use, Tax Code Section 23.55 imposes a rollback tax. Since House Bill 1743 took effect in 2019, the rollback covers the three preceding years of tax difference plus 5 percent annual interest, according to the Texas Real Estate Research Center. Pausing practices without changing use draws a valuation review, not a rollback.

This article is general information for Texas landowners and is not legal or tax advice. Wildlife use requirements, intensity standards, and productivity values are set by each county appraisal district and change; confirm the current minimum acreage and filing rules with the appraisal district for the county where the land sits before you buy or apply. La Tierra Realty does not guarantee that any tract will receive a special valuation.

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